CHM-00 · laboratory
Ideal gas, van't Hoff, Nernst, Michaelis–Menten, Clausius–Clapeyron.
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32 governing sheets
Open the periodic tablep V = n R T. The pedagogical thermal equation of state.
Equation of state(p + a/Vm²)(Vm − b) = R T. Attraction and covolume.
Equation of stateln(K2/K1) = −(ΔH/R)(1/T2 − 1/T1). How K moves with T.
EquilibriumE = E° − (RT/nF) ln Q. Cell potential versus reaction quotient.
Electrochemistryv = Vmax [S] / (Km + [S]). Enzyme kinetics.
Kineticsln(P2/P1) = −(ΔHvap/R)(1/T2 − 1/T1). Vapour pressure vs T.
Phase changek = A exp(−Ea / RT). Thermal activation over a barrier Ea.
KineticsG = H − T S. The isothermal–isobaric potential.
ThermochemistrypH = pKa + log10([A−]/[HA]). Buffer equation.
Acid–basep_i = x_i p_i*. Partial pressure of an ideal-solution component.
Solutionsp = kH x. Solubility of a dilute gas in a liquid.
SolutionsΔH(T2) = ΔH(T1) + ΔCp (T2 − T1). Enthalpy at a second temperature.
Thermochemistryq = n Cp ΔT at constant pressure.
Thermochemistryn_i/n_j = exp(−ΔE / kT). Population of two levels.
Statisticalθ = K p / (1 + K p). Monolayer coverage vs pressure.
Surfacesn/nm = c x / ((1−x)(1−x+c x)), x = p/p0. Multilayer adsorption.
Surfacesk = (kB T/h) exp(−ΔG‡ / RT). Transition-state rate.
KineticspH = −log10 aH. Pedagogue: activity ≈ molarity in dilute water.
Acid–baseβ ≈ 2.303 C Ka [H] / ([H] + Ka)². How much acid a buffer soaks.
Acid–baseπ = c R T. van 't Hoff osmotic law for a dilute nonelectrolyte.
SolutionsΔG = −n F E. Electrical work of a reversible cell.
Electrochemistryf = φ p. Effective pressure that restores the ideal-gas μ formula.
Nonidealitya = γ x. Mole-fraction activity of a nonideal liquid.
Nonidealityr = k c^n. Empirical order-n rate in one reactant.
Kineticst½ = ln 2 / k. Independent of the starting concentration.
Kinetics1/c = 1/c0 + k t. Remaining concentration of a 2A → products step.
KineticsK = c_org / c_aq. Distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents.
SolutionsActivated rate.
Physical chemistryVapour vs T.
Physical chemistryIndependent of concentration.
Physical chemistryBimolecular.
Physical chemistryK vs T.
Physical chemistry