ORG-14

Percent yield

Y = 100 m_actual / m_theoretical.

Reading speed

StoichiometryYield

Governing equation

Y=100\,m_{\mathrm{act}}/m_{\mathrm{th}}

$m_{act} \in \left[0.01, 200\right]$

where

m_{act}: Actual mass (g)
m_{th}: Theoretical mass (g)
Y: Yield (%)

The figure, part by part

Each numbered marker wears the color of its card. Hover a card to light the marker. Tap a marker to jump to that card. The slider walks a red point along the curve; Animate drawing traces it like a pen.

00:0 / 00:08

①

Governing law — red

Y=100\,m_{\mathrm{act}}/m_{\mathrm{th}}

$m_{act} \in \left[0.01, 200\right]$

$m_{act} = 0.01$ $Y = 0.083$

Along the curve

②

Domain of the variable — blue

m_{act}_{\min} = 0.01,\quad m_{act}_{\max} = 200

$m_{act} \in \left[0.01, 200\right]$

$m_{act} = 0.01$ $m_{act} = 0.01$

Along the curve

③

Response curve — green

Y=100\,m_{\mathrm{act}}/m_{\mathrm{th}}

$m_{act} \in \left[0.01, 200\right]$

$m_{act} = 0.01$ $Y = 0.083$

Along the curve

④

Rate of change — amber

\frac{\mathrm{d}Y}{\mathrm{d}m_{act}}

$m_{act} \in \left[0.01, 200\right]$

$m_{act} = 1.268$ $Y^{\prime} = 8.333$

Along the curve

Lecture brief

Historical brief

Hammett (1937) and Taft linear free-energy, E-factor green metrics, Woodward–Fieser UV and Claisen equilibria are how organic chemistry became predictive. The lab is substituent, waste and tautomer. This sheet (ORG-14 — Percent yield) is the form associated with Yield. Working symbols: $m_{act}$ , $m_{th}$ $\rightarrow$ $Y$ . The theoretical mass is the limiting-reagent mass times the stoichiometric ratio.

Purpose

Purpose: compute

Y

from

m_{act}

m_{th}

in Organic chemistry via

Y=100\,m_{\mathrm{act}}/m_{\mathrm{th}}

Y = 100 m_actual / m_theoretical. Use it when a real organic chemistry question must be answered in SI before a code check.

Live realistic example

In symbols

Live case. Given

m_{act} = 8.400\,\mathrm{g}

m_{th} = 12.000\,\mathrm{g}

, the governing relation

Y=100\,m_{\mathrm{act}}/m_{\mathrm{th}}

yields

Y = 70.0\,\mathrm{%}

. Isolated product vs calculated theoretical mass. Move a slider: the numbers are this situation, not a canned story.

Calculator

Inputs

Actual mass m_{act}8.4 gTheoretical mass m_{th}12 g

Outputs

Yield Y70.0 %

Reading speed

Watch on YouTube

Free library

Full library

Free PDF / open book

YouTube channels

00:0 / 00:08

Narration of this film

Isolated product vs calculated theoretical mass.

The theoretical mass is the limiting-reagent mass times the stoichiometric ratio.

Reading speed

Watch on YouTube