INO-01

Pauling electronegativity difference

|χA − χB| = √(DAB − √(DAA DBB)) with D in eV.

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BondingPauling 1932

Governing equation

|\chi_A-\chi_B|=\sqrt{D_{AB}-\sqrt{D_{AA}D_{BB}}}

where

D_{AB}: Bond energy AB (eV)
D_{AA}: Bond energy AA (eV)
D_{BB}: Bond energy BB (eV)
|\Delta\chi|: Electronegativity gap (—)

Lecture brief

Historical brief

Pauling and Allred–Rochow electronegativity, Kapustinskii lattice energy, CFSE and Goldschmidt radii organise the periodic solid. The sheets predict bond character and crystal packing. This sheet (INO-01 — Pauling electronegativity difference) is the form associated with Pauling 1932. Working symbols: $D_{AB}$ , $D_{AA}$ , $D_{BB}$ $\rightarrow$ $|\Delta\chi|$ . Pauling took the extra ionic energy of a heteronuclear bond as a squared electronegativity gap.

Purpose

Purpose: compute

|\Delta\chi|

from

D_{AB}

D_{AA}

D_{BB}

in Inorganic chemistry via

|\chi_A-\chi_B|=\sqrt{D_{AB}-\sqrt{D_{AA}D_{BB}}}

|χA − χB| = √(DAB − √(DAA DBB)) with D in eV. Use it when a real inorganic chemistry question must be answered in SI before a code check.

Live realistic example

In symbols

Live case. Given

D_{AB} = 4.500\,\mathrm{eV}

D_{AA} = 4.000\,\mathrm{eV}

D_{BB} = 2.500\,\mathrm{eV}

, the governing relation

|\chi_A-\chi_B|=\sqrt{D_{AB}-\sqrt{D_{AA}D_{BB}}}

yields

|\Delta\chi| = 1.157\,\mathrm{—}

. Bond energies in eV. Geometric-mean covalent reference. Move a slider: the numbers are this situation, not a canned story.

Calculator

Inputs

Bond energy AB D_{AB}4.5 eVBond energy AA D_{AA}4 eVBond energy BB D_{BB}2.5 eV

Outputs

Electronegativity gap |\Delta\chi|1.157 —

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Narration of this film

Bond energies in eV. Geometric-mean covalent reference.

Pauling took the extra ionic energy of a heteronuclear bond as a squared electronegativity gap.

Reading speed

Watch on YouTube