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INO-21

Complex formation Kf

Kf = [ML] / ([M][L]). One-step formation snapshot.

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CoordinationFormation constant

Governing equation

Kf=[ML][M][L]K_f=\dfrac{[ML]}{[M][L]}

[L]∈[1×10−12,1][L] \in \left[1\times 10^{-12}, 1\right]

where

[ML]
Complex (mol/L)
[M]
Free metal (mol/L)
[L]
Free ligand (mol/L)
K_f
Formation constant (L/mol)

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①

Governing law — red

Kf=[ML][M][L]K_f=\dfrac{[ML]}{[M][L]}

[L]∈[1×10−12,1][L] \in \left[1\times 10^{-12}, 1\right]

[L]=1×10−12[L] = 1\times 10^{-12}Kf=9×1012K_f = 9\times 10^{12}

②

Domain of the variable — blue

[L]min⁡=1×10−12,[L]max⁡=1[L]_{\min} = 1\times 10^{-12},\quad [L]_{\max} = 1

[L]∈[1×10−12,1][L] \in \left[1\times 10^{-12}, 1\right]

[L]=1×10−12[L] = 1\times 10^{-12}[L]=1×10−12[L] = 1\times 10^{-12}

③

Response curve — green

Kf=[ML][M][L]K_f=\dfrac{[ML]}{[M][L]}

[L]∈[1×10−12,1][L] \in \left[1\times 10^{-12}, 1\right]

[L]=1×10−12[L] = 1\times 10^{-12}Kf=9×1012K_f = 9\times 10^{12}

④

Rate of change — amber

dKfd[L]\frac{\mathrm{d}K_f}{\mathrm{d}[L]}

[L]∈[1×10−12,1][L] \in \left[1\times 10^{-12}, 1\right]

[L]=0.006[L] = 0.006Kf′=−7.15×1014K_f^{\prime} = -7.15\times 10^{14}

Lecture brief

Historical brief

Pauling and Allred–Rochow electronegativity, Kapustinskii lattice energy, CFSE and Goldschmidt radii organise the periodic solid. The sheets predict bond character and crystal packing. This sheet (INO-21 — Complex formation Kf) is the form associated with Formation constant. Working symbols: [ML][ML], [M][M], [L][L] →\rightarrow KfK_f. Overall βn = K1 K2 … Kn. Large Kf means a sequestered metal.

Purpose

Purpose: compute KfK_f from [ML][ML], [M][M], [L][L] in Inorganic chemistry via Kf=[ML][M][L]K_f=\dfrac{[ML]}{[M][L]} Kf = [ML] / ([M][L]). One-step formation snapshot. Use it when a real inorganic chemistry question must be answered in SI before a code check.

Live realistic example

In symbols

Live case. Given [ML]=0.009 mol/L[ML] = 0.009\,\mathrm{mol/L}, [M]=0.001 mol/L[M] = 0.001\,\mathrm{mol/L}, [L]=0.001 mol/L[L] = 0.001\,\mathrm{mol/L}, the governing relation Kf=[ML][M][L]K_f=\dfrac{[ML]}{[M][L]} yields Kf=9000.000 L/molK_f = 9000.000\,\mathrm{L/mol}. 1:1 complex, dilute, no competing ligands. Move a slider: the numbers are this situation, not a canned story.

Calculator

Inputs

Outputs

  • Formation constant K_f9000.000 L/mol
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INO-21 · reactor
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Narration of this film

1:1 complex, dilute, no competing ligands.

Overall βn = K1 K2 … Kn. Large Kf means a sequestered metal.

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